page 130 -- 字首 de 與 dis @ 倫倫的小blog

debacle

de(off)-bacle(=bar;阻擋)

n.解凍 [a breaking up of ice in a river]

n.冰的解凍、破裂引申成人的大失敗 [a complete collapse or failure.]

de(off, remove)-bacle阻擋→free from 阻擋→崩潰

debacle <> complete success

補充

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**字首de-

1.最原始的意思是『down'下、壞』

後來衍變成有not否定、none沒有的意思、

解除off、remove

完全fully (from none)

2.也可當作apart，away form，因為是dis-的變體(下面會講解)

3.加強語氣

**字首dis-

1.是由拉丁文duo的變化型duis衍生而來

最原始的意思是『一分為二』=分離(apart)

2.由分離衍生成除去、剝奪(away)

3.亦有否定的意思

4.加強語氣

	de	dis
原意	down	take apart
否定	直接否定not (少)	直接否定not
離開	remove、off 指原本有但被去除了	take apart、away 將東西分隔兩地 (明/暗喻皆有)
加強語氣	有	有
特有	下降、減少、none 壞 (暗喻)

否定

de本身就是一個負面詞彙，明指是下降、減少或者暗喻為壞

但非直接否定(能---不能)

例：deform v.毀壞形狀或外觀，de當壞解

另一點，de當直接否定時解是比較少的。

例子

demerit n.缺點 (de做not解)

merit n.值得稱讚的品質

dis是很明白直接的否定

agree // disagree

believe // disbelieve

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離開

de的意思較偏remove，off，指的是原本有但被去除了

例 deflower v.摧毀..之花、衍生-->奪去女子貞節

decipher v.解碼

dis的意思是指take away, make sth. apart，指的是將個東西分隔兩地。

例 discard v.丟出卡片

但注意

有時候de-是dis-的變型，這是由拉丁文而來的，但是不多

de-是dis-的變形時，de當take apart, away解

例decamp v.離營 de = dis 做away解

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debark

de(=dis)-bark

v.下船(飛機、車等) = disembark

ps.

bark 除了有狗吠聲、樹皮(or類似樹皮的褐色)的意思之外

還有小船的意思

ps.

embark

v.上船(或飛機等)

v.開始從事 [ to start an enterprise, business, etc.]

debase

de-base

v.降低品質、價值等 ex.貶低人格;使貨幣貶值 [to reduce in quality or value;]

debase:value＝attenuate:force
降低價值＝削弱力量

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**說壞話 ex.亂說別人沒有忠誠or是漢奸之類的

to attack the good name or reputation with falseand malicious statements

asperse	v.誹謗; 灑聖水	有 spread unfavorable charges的意味	// aspersion n.
calumniate	v.誹謗	口語上的誹謗 .	// calumny n
defame	v.誹謗	用 misrepresentation的方式	// defamation n.
libel	v.誹謗	用文字或圖畫
malign	v.誹謗	強調惡意"malicious intent"
slander	v.誹謗	口語上的誹謗 ...from scandal n.醜聞
traduce	v.誹謗	還有 humiliation的意味
vilify	v.誹謗	to deliberate,vicious defamation

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**玷汙 ex.說別人曾經花名在外

to make sth. dirty or destory sb's reputation

besmirch	v.弄髒、玷汙	// smirch	v.弄髒、玷污
sully	v.弄髒、玷汙

**有貶低意味的 ex.說別人的成功都只是幸運

to detract from the honor or luster of

to take away a part, as from quality, value, or reputation

to speak of or treat slightingly

detract	v.詆毀、貶低
denigrate	v.詆毀、貶低
derogate	v.詆毀、貶低

depreciate	v.輕視、貶低
belittle	v.輕視、貶低
decry	v.輕視、貶低
disparage	v.輕視、貶低	// disparate	adj.不同的

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debate

de(加強語氣)-bat(打)-e

n/v.辯論

box:fight＝debate:argue
拳擊是激烈的打鬥＝辯論是激烈的爭論

debilitate

de-ability-ate

v.使衰弱 [make weak]

ex. The cancer debilitated her completely.

ps. deactivate

debouch

de(dis)-bouch(從mouth演變來的)

v. [To march from a narrow or confined area into the open.]

ex. The troop debouched from the defile into the plain.

ex. 河川向廣闊處流出

v. [To emerge; issue]

debrief

de(down)-brief

v.聽取...的報告(執行任務情況) [ to interrogate (a soldier, astronaut, diplomat, etc.) on return from a mission in order to assess the conduct and results of the mission.]

debris

n.殘骸;破瓦殘礫 [the remains of anything broken down or destroyed]

debris:destroy＝ash:burn
殘骸是破壞的結果＝灰燼是燒的結果

debunk

v.拆去...的假面具

During the 16th Congress (1819-1821) Felix Walker, a representative from western North Carolina whose district included Buncombe County, carried on with a dull speech in the face of(儘管) protests by his colleagues. Walker later explained he had felt obligated "to make a speech for Buncombe." Such a masterful symbol for empty talk could not be ignored by the speakers of the language, and Buncombe, spelled Bunkum in its first recorded appearance in 1828 and later shortened to bunk, became synonymous with claptrap. The response to all this bunk seems to have been delayed, for debunk is not recorded until 1923.