倫倫的小blog

mirage /mɪˈrɑːʒ/

mir( to wonder at )-age

n. 海市蜃樓 [an optical phenomenon, esp. in the desert or at sea, by which the image of some object appears displaced above, below, or to one side of its true position as a result of spatial variations of the index of refraction of air.]

ps.海市蜃樓的 物理原因 ，它是一種光學現象，由(1)不同溫度的空氣有不同的折射率，(2)再加上全反射而產生的。

mirage:illusory

mire /maɪər/

n.沼澤

bog 與 mire也是濕地的一種，他是由酸性的泥煤，或是死掉的植物的分解物，所堆積而成的濕地。 bog 與 mire常出現於地面上的水是酸性的地方，不管是本身的地面上的水、或者是降雨的水是酸性的都可以。 Bog濕地，的特色之一就是他的水通常帶有棕色。

請review p.302的整理

mirth /mɜrθ/

n.歡笑;高興 [Gladness and gaiety(快樂), especially when expressed by laughter.]

ps. mirth 就是"高興"，是比較文學上的說法，這種高興的表現手法是笑。

ex. I seek to be capable of sharing the mirth with my people.

題外：我印象比比深的是，在酷拉皮卡《窟盧塔族祈禱文》中有用到這個字。

mirth:laughter＝approval:applause
笑聲代表歡樂＝鼓掌表示贊同

misanthrope /ˈmɪzǝnˌθrop/

mis o ( Gk. misos ;hate)-anthrope(man)

n. 厭惡人類的人 [One who hates or mistrusts humankind.]

字構：mis o + anthrope ，字首miso-是hate的意思。

mischief /ˈmɪstʃɪf/

mis-chief(head)

n.頑皮,淘氣,胡鬧 [conduct or activity that playfully causes petty annoyance.]

ex. What mischief is he up to?
他在搞什麼惡作劇?

大家應該有聽過 achieve 這個字吧

a(to) + chief(頭;head)

概念是to come to a head，

所以achieve的字義為to bring to a successful end.

而mischief的概念則是： to end badly

字首 mis-，它本身的含意是負面的，有 ill、mistaken、wrong、的概念

a British comedy film

mischievous /ˈmɪstʃɪvǝs/

mis-chief-ous

adj.頑皮的,淘氣的,胡鬧的 [maliciously or playfully annoying.]

mischievous:imp
頑皮淘氣的：頑童

miscreant /ˈmɪskrɪǝnt/

mis-cre(cred;belief)-ant

adj.無賴的 [depraved, villainous, or base.]

n.無賴 [a vicious or depraved person; villain .]

ex. As for riding down that atrocious miscreant, I regard it as an act of virtue, sir, like stamping on a cockroach.
至於你騎馬踩死那個十惡不赦的壞蛋，我認為是件好事，就像踩死一隻蟑螂一樣。

字源：原指的是異教徒，mis是錯誤的意思，cre是believe，後來在1590年才有villain的意思

miscreant:criminal

miser /ˈmaɪzɚ/

n.守財奴 [a person who lives in wretched circumstances in order to save and hoard money.]

ps.就是指一個人死都不花錢，即時住在很惡劣的環境也甘願。

n.吝嗇的人 [a stingy, avaricious person.]

ps.指的是小氣，又貪婪的人

ex. Fear that someone might steal his money obsessed the old miser.
怕有人會偷錢的恐懼困擾著這個老吝嗇鬼。

字源： from L. miser (adj.) "unhappy, wretched"

在拉丁文中miser是指unhappy，而money-hoarding person是在15xx年才出現的。

miser:thrift＝chauvinist:patriotism
吝嗇鬼過分節儉＝沙文主義者過分愛國

miserly /ˈmaɪzɚlɪ/

miser-ly

adj.吝嗇的;貪婪的 [Of, relating to, or characteristic of a miser]

ex. He is miserly with both his time and his money.

misgiving /mɪsˈɡɪvɪŋ/

mis-giving

n.顧慮 [a feeling of doubt, distrust, or apprehension.;misgiving suggests often sudden apprehension ]

ps.我們用misgiving 指突忽而來的擔心

ex. She has some misgivings about what she is about to do.

misgiving <> certainty

review p.100

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qualm   n.緊張不安    [不安與無法自我肯定的感覺]

qualm is a disturbing feeling of uneasiness and self-doubt :

"an ignorant ruffianly gaucho, who . . . would . . . fight, steal, and do other naughty things without a qualm" (W.H. Hudson).

scruple  n.疑慮  [對行為的意義感到良心上或原則上的疑慮]

scruple is an uneasy feeling arising from conscience or principle about a course of action: "My father's old-fashioned notions boggled a little at first to this arrangement . . . but his scruples were in the end overruled" (John Galt).

compunction n.良心不安  [對錯誤的行為感到痛苦]

compunction implies a prick or twinge of conscience aroused by wrongdoing or the prospect of wrongdoing:

stole the money without compunction.

misgiving n.顧慮  [突忽而來的擔心]

misgiving suggests often sudden apprehension :

had misgivings about quitting his job.

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misinform / ˌmɪsɪnˈfɒrm /

mis-inform

v.告訴錯誤的消息;誤導 [to give false or misleading information to]

ex. The media are misinforming  people.

misnomer /ˌmɪsˈnomɚ/

mis-nom(name)-er   [nominate v.提名]

n. 誤稱 [An error in naming a person or place.]

ps.比方說我們說「鉛筆, pencil lead」，但實際中沒有"鉛"而是碳，這就是一種misnomer。

ex. The so-called "lead" in a pencil is not lead at all, but chiefly a different form of carbon called graphite. And that is an example of misnomer.

misperceive

mis-perceive

v.誤解 [to understand or perceive incorrectly; misunderstand.]

ps.

perceive

per( thoroughly )-ceive( take )

v.察覺;感知

"interview"

misrepresent /ˌmɪsrɛprɪˈzɛnt/

mis-represent

v.[If someone misrepresents a person or situation, they give a wrong or inaccurate account of what the person or situation is like.]

ex. to misrepresent facts

misrepresentation

mis-represent-ation

n.不實的陳述

ps. 他有法律上的用法， see wiki