倫倫的小blog

reveiw
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字根stall 有停止、安置的意思

  stall           n.牲畜欄中的一欄、小房間       [意味把牲畜安置的小地方]
                  v.熄火

install          v.安裝、使就職          //   installation  n.安裝、就職
                    (in"加強語氣"-stall"安置"-->就職)

installment   n.分期付款、分期連載   
                    (in"不"-stall"停"-ment-->不停的給-->分期付款)

forestall       v. 預先阻止     
                    (fore"前"-stall"停"-->預先阻止)

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install

in-stall

v.安裝 [To connect or set in position and prepare for use]

  ex. He's going to install an air-conditioner in the house.
   他要在這屋子裡裝空調。

v.使就職 [To induct into an office, rank, or position]

  ex. Professor Tom was formally installed as President last Thursday.

instate

in-state   "進入某個狀態"-->就職

v.就職 [To establish in office; install.]

ps.1 instate 也可以解成"本州內的" ex. instate tuition

ps.2 reinstate v.使復職

instantaneous

instant(adj.立即的)-aneous

adj.即時的 [Occurring or completed without perceptible delay]

  ex. an instantaneous reaction
  瞬間的反應

ps.

suffix -an：來自於拉丁，原先用於只地名(ex. Roman)、人名。而現在於英文中被廣泛的使用當作形容詞尾，其中也還保留了拉丁字尾的思想，例如：

1) 地名+an：American(美國的), Tibetan(西藏的)

2) 人名+an：Elizabethan(伊莉莎白一世時代的)--有同時代的

3) social class,religious denominations：Puritan(清教徒的); Republican(共和的)

suffix -enous：來自於拉丁，表示由"什麼東西組成"

instigate

in-stig(=sting;叮)-ate

v.挑動, 煽動 [to urge, provoke, or incite to some action or course]

  ex. instigate a strike
  煽動罷工

instill

in-still(drop)

v.灌輸 [To introduce by gradual, persistent efforts]

  ex. Instill 1-2 drops in eye until condition improves.

v.徐徐地教導 [to infuse slowly or gradually into the mind or feelings]

  ex. to instill respect for the law in the younger generation
  將尊重法律的觀念逐漸灌輸給年青一代

ps. distill v.蒸餾

instinctive

instinct-ive

adj.本能的, 天性的 [of, pertaining to, or of the nature of instinct.]

  ex. 就是你不用去想、去思考而自然就做出來的

  ex. Animals have an instinctive fear of fire.
  動物本能地怕火。

instinctive <> earned response

review
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stitute特輯

destitute     adj.極度窮困的

constitute        v.構成

constituent     n.構成的成分、選區內的選民

constitution    n.憲法

institute            n.協會 v.創建

institution          n.協會、制度

institutionalize    v.使制度化

restitute           v.賠償、歸還

reconstitute     v.重新組成、使復原( 通過加水使濃縮液或粉末恢復成平常的濃度 )

/ reconstruct  v.重建

substitute    v.代替  n.代用品

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institute

in-stitute(stand)

n.協會  [an organization for carrying on a particular work, ex literary, science]

  ps. institue 指的是一種organization，它設立來處理特別的事務，特別是researching, teaching.

  ex. the National Cancer Institute

v.創建 [To initiate; begin.]

  ex. We will institute a number of measures to better safeguard the public.

institute <> abrogate v.廢止

institution

in-stitut-ion

n.協會(重要的公共機構) [a large important organization such as a university, church, or bank.]

  ex. A church, school, hospital, asylum, or prison is an institution.
  教堂,學校,醫院,收容所或監獄皆屬公共機構

  ex. The Hong Kong Bank is Hong Kong's largest financial institution.

n.制度, 習俗 [a custom or system that is considered an important or typical feature of a particular society or group, usually because it has existed for a long time. ]

  ex. The institution of slavery was once widespread.
  奴隸制度曾經相當普遍。

  ex. Drinking tea at 4 pm is a popular British institution.
  下午4點鐘喫茶點是英國人很流行的習慣.

institutional

institution-al

adj.協會的 [Of or relating to an institution]

adj.制度的

  ex. the problem of institutional barriers to voting.
  制度方面上阻礙投票的問題

institutionalized

institution-al-ize-d

adj.(習慣等)被確立的

  ex. we should focus on establishing a sound mechanism of selection, appointment, management and supervision, with a view to making it scientific, democratic and institutionalized.
  以建立健全選拔任用和管理監督機製為重點,以科學化、民主化和制度化為目標,。

instructive

in-struct(build)-ive

adj.教育性的 [serving to instruct or inform; conveying instruction, knowledge, or information; enlightening.]

  ex. thank you for a most instructive experience!
  為了這最有教益的經驗，謝謝你

  ex. A trip around the world is an instructive experience.
  環球旅行是一種增長見識的經歷。

instrument

n. 儀器[a tool or device that is used to do a particular task, especially a scientific task.]

  ex. a thin tube-like optical instrument.

  ex. The dentist picked up several instruments.
  那牙科醫生把幾把儀器收拾好。

n.樂器 [Music A device for playing or producing music]

  ex. He can play nearly every musical instrument.
  他幾乎會彈奏每一種樂器。

字源：from L. instrumentem "a tool, apparatus, furniture, dress, document," from instruere "arrange, furnish"

instrumental

instument-al

adj.可作為手段的;有幫助的 [serving or acting as an instrument or means; useful; helpful.]

  ex. he was instrumental in raising the company's wider profile.

adj.儀器的

  ex. the instrumental records

adj.用樂器演奏的 ( no voices)

instrumentalist

n.樂器演奏者 [a person who plays a musical instrument.]

ps.

instrumentalism n.工具主義

其認為:concepts與theories都被當成工具來看待；他們的價值不是用"對或錯"來評估，而是他們能多有效的解釋或預測現象。