calculated & calculating
calculated
calc(鈣)-u-lated
adj.預先計劃的; 故意的
from calculate v.計算
ps. 古時候用石頭來計算
ex calculated risk計畫風險
是在計畫性作業經周詳考量後，可以接受風險稱之計畫風險。
calculating
calc(鈣)-u-lating
adj.計算的
ex.calculating machine 計算機
adj.深謀遠慮的 [shrewd; cautious]
ex. a wise and calculating lawyer.
calculus
calc-ulus
n.微積分
caldron (ˈkɔːldrən)
n.大鍋 [A large vessel, such as a kettle or vat, used for boiling.]
原義: cooking pot
calibrate
caliber(n.口徑)-ate
v.測定...的口徑
v.校準 [to determine the correct range for (ex an artillery gun)]
ps. 做實驗很多時候需要做calibration,比方說 energy calibration, 就是指如果你讀到1是100 kev, 2是150 kev, 3是200keV之類的，求出能量對應關係的程序就是calibration.或者說，尺已經是calibrated過的，於是你可以很清楚知道一大格就對應的是1cm。
calibrated <> unstandardized
校準的 <> 不標準的
calipers (ˈkæləpəs)
n.卡尺
calligraphy
call(美麗;beautiful)-i-graph(寫; writing)-y
n.書法
calligraphy：scribble＝sonnet：doggerel
書法：亂寫＝十四行詩：打油詩 （正常--亂）
callus & callous
callus
n.繭 [a hardened or thickened part of the skin]
callous
adj.起繭的
adj.麻木不仁的,冷酷無情的
ex.He is callous about the safety of his workers.
ps. callous：impassive 冷漠的：冷漠的 （同義）
callow
adj.乳臭未乾的;年輕缺乏經驗的[ immature or inexperienced]
ex. a callow youth.
adj.鳥羽毛未生的 [(of a young bird) featherless; unfledged.]
calorie
n.卡路里 (熱量單位) [unit for measuring a quantity of heat]
ex. Her diet restricts her to 1500 calories a day
字源(參考就好)：1866, from Fr. calorie , from L. calor (gen. caloris ) "heat," from PIE *kle-os- , suffixed form of base *kele- "warm"
calumniate & calumny
calumniate (kəˈlʌmnɪˌeɪt)
calumn(y)i-ate
v.誹謗 [to make false and malicious statements about; slander.]
calumny
n.誹謗 [false statement about sb, made to damage his character]
ex. Calumny, even from the mouth of a fool, will sometimes cut into unguarded feelings.
即使出自一個傻瓜之口的誹謗,有時候也會突然刺傷一個沒有防備的人的感情。
ps.有人問到這張畫的典故，我這邊簡單的補充一下，他是文藝復新時期畫家Sandro Botticelli的作品(也就是維納斯的誕生的畫家)，這張畫的title為Calumny of Apelles，更詳細的說明見wiki)
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**說壞話 ex.亂說別人沒有忠誠or是漢奸之類的
to attack the good name or reputation with false and malicious statements
| asperse | v.誹謗; 灑聖水 | 有 spread unfavorable charges的意味 |
// aspersion n. | |
| calumniate | v.誹謗 | 口語上的誹謗 . |
// calumny n | |
| defame | v.誹謗 | 用 misrepresentation的方式 |
// defamation n. |
|
| libel | v.誹謗 | 用文字或圖畫 | ||
| malign | v.誹謗 | 強調惡意"malicious intent" | ||
| slander | v.誹謗 | 口語上的誹謗 ...from scandal n.醜聞 | ||
| traduce | v.誹謗 | 還有 humiliation的意味 | ||
| vilify | v.誹謗 | to deliberate,vicious defamation |
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**玷汙 ex.說別人曾經花名在外
to make sth. dirty or destory sb's reputation
| besmirch | v.弄髒、玷汙 | // smirch | v.弄髒、玷污 |
| sully | v.弄髒、玷汙 |
**有貶低意味的 ex.說別人的成功都只是幸運
to detract from the honor or luster of
to take away a part, as from quality, value, or reputation
to speak of or treat slightingly
| detract | v.詆毀、貶低 | ||
| denigrate | v.詆毀、貶低 | ||
| derogate | v.詆毀、貶低 | ||
| depreciate | v.輕視、貶低 | ||
| belittle | v.輕視、貶低 | ||
| decry | v.輕視、貶低 | ||
| disparage | v.輕視、貶低 | // disparate | adj.不同的 |
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cameo
n.客串演出 cameo role.[ a minor part played by a prominent performer in a single scene of a motion picture or a television play.]
n.有浮雕的貝殼(或瑪瑙等) [a technique of engraving upon a gem or other stone; a gem or other stone so engraved .]
cameo：sculpture 小浮雕：雕塑（小：正常）
camouflage
n/v.偽裝
ps. Camouflage consists of things such as leaves, branches, or brown and green paint, which are used to make it difficult for an enemy to see military forces and equipment.
ex. camouflage：deception 偽裝為了欺騙
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