倫倫的小blog

paramount

adj.最重要的, 最高的 [chief in importance or impact; supreme; preeminent]

ex. The reduction of unemployment should be paramount in the government's economic policy.
降低失業率應是政府經濟政策的頭等大事.

字構：para=beside再旁邊，mount = mountain 山，他的概念是跟山頂一樣高，所以有「最重要的」的意思。

ps. Paramount Pictures is an American film production and distribution company

parano ia

n.偏執狂; 妄想狂 [a mental disorder characterized by systematized delusions and the projection of personal conflicts, which are ascribed to the supposed hostility of others, sometimes progressing to disturbances of consciousness and aggressive acts believed to be performed in self-defense or as a mission.]

ps. If you say that someone suffers from paranoia, you think that they are too suspicious and afraid of other people.

ps. Paranoia is a thought process thought to be heavily influenced by anxiety or fear, often to the point of irrationality and delusion.

from wiki

Monomania may refer to:

1. Paranoia : Delusions of persecution

2. Kleptomania: Irresistible urge to steal (盜竊癖)

.....

paranoid

adj.多疑的

ex. She's getting paranoid about what other people think of her. 她越來越懷疑別人對自己有什麼看法

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paraphrase

v.釋義, 意譯(尤指為易於理解) [re-wording of a piece of writing, statement, etc, esp in order to make it easier to understand.]

ex. a paraphrase of the sonnet
十四行詩的意譯.

ex."The signal was red" might be paraphrased as "The train was not allowed to proceed."

字構：from para-  "beside" + phrazein  "to tell" (see phrase)

Stop, Thief! Avoiding Plagiarism by Paraphrasing

(very useful)

parasite

para-site( sitos;food )

n.寄生蟲 [an animal or plant that lives in or on another (the host) from which it obtains nourishment. The host does not benefit from the association and is often harmed by it]

字源：1539, "a hanger-on, a toady, "person who lives on others," from M.Fr. parasite,  from L. parasitus,  from Gk. parasitos  "person who eats at the table of another," from n. use of adj. meaning "feeding beside," from para-  "beside" + sitos  "food," of unknown origin . Scientific meaning "animal or plant that lives on others" is first recorded 1646 (implied in parasitical )

題外：

寄生前夜（Parasite EVE）

from wiki

《寄生前夜》，又名異魔。是日本作家瀨名秀明的科幻小說。該小說在第二屆日本恐怖小說比賽中獲得冠軍，發行量達140萬冊，打破日本國內同類小說銷量。1997年，根據這個小說又拍成了同名電影，由三上博史、葉月裡緒菜及SMAP成員稻垣吾郎等主演。


這個故事說的是，在億萬年間，生物都在不停的進化。在生物的體內，直接提供能量的是線粒體。線粒體的進化速率快於生物本身，以致現在線粒體已經有了意識，並且擁有強大的力量，甚至可以幻化出人形。於是在某個時刻，線粒體終於爆發了，它們要消滅人類，主宰這個世界……

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parch

v.使（某物）極乾極熱 [to make extremely, excessively, or completely dry, as heat, sun, and wind do.]

ex.the parched deserts of N Africa 北非乾熱的沙漠

ps.

Parched Grain

Parched Grain is grain that has been cooked by dry roasting. It is an ancient foodstuff and is thought to be one of the earliest ways in which the hunter gatherers in the fertile crescent ate grains. Historically, a common food in the Middle East

or parching winds

pare

v. [to cut off the outer coating, layer, or part of.]

ex. pare one's finger-nails 修剪指甲.

ex. to pare down one's expenses.

pariah

n. 社會的遺棄者; 賤民  [An outcast(被驅逐的人); a member of a low caste or class.]

ps.1 The word originally stems from the caste system of India, which put pariahs in a very low place in society. In the United States, it refers to those of low social class or social status.

ps.2 PARIAH, a name long adopted in European usage for the outcastes of India. Strictly speaking the Paraiyans are the agricultural labourer caste of the Tamil country in Madras.

The majority are ploughmen, formerly adscripti glebae, but some of them are weavers, and no less than 350 subdivisions have been distinguished. The name can be traced back to inscriptions of the 11th century, and the "Pariah poet," Tiruvalluvar, author of the Tamil poem, the Kurral, probably lived at about that time.

parity

n.同等; 相等 [equality, as in amount, status, or character.]

ex. Primary school teachers are demanding parity with those in secondary schools. 小學教師要求與中學教師同酬.

ex. Women have yet to achieve wage or occupational parity in many fields.

ps. parity在物理上有完全不一樣的意思

像f(x)=Cos(x) 你把x換成-x 還是一樣的值，we call it parity =1

但是f(x)=Sin(x) 你x換成-x，會多一個負號，partiy = -1

ps.2 Parity violation

這就是 楊振寧 與 李政道 得Nobel Prize的東西

parity is conserved in electromagnetism, strong interactions and gravity, it turns out to be violated in weak interactions.

parka

n. [hip-length, hooded jacket made of caribou, seal, or other fur, worn as an outer garment by the Arctic Eskimos. Men's and women's parkas are basically the same except for an extra hood in which the Eskimo( 愛斯基摩人 ) woman can wrap a small child]

parlance

n. [a particular manner of speaking, esp when specialized; idiom ]

ex. political parlance

ex. In naval parlance, the left side of a ship is the port side. 用海軍的用語來說,船的左邊稱為左舷。

ps

idiom  (from wiki)  你可以review p.244

An idiom (Latin: idioma, 「special property」, f. Greek: ἰδίωμα — idiōma, 「special feature, special phrasing」, f. Greek: ἴδιος — idios, 「one's own」) is an expression, word, or phrase that has a figurative meaning that is comprehended in regard to a common use of that expression that is separate from the literal meaning or definition of the words of which it is made. There are estimated to be at least 25,000 idiomatic expressions in the English language